As an increase of the British Army was not being funded, this meant withdrawing units from garrison duty around the world. of the Victorian Army in Africa', Victorian Studies, Vol. The uniforms of the British Army currently exist in twelve categories ranging from ceremonial uniforms to combat dress (with full dress uniform and frock coats listed in addition). However, the Army led in the development of Mountain artillery, introducing light guns that could be rapidly broken down into several smaller pieces, which could be carried on mules or pack horses over terrain too rough for field artillery. Officers remained responsible for purchasing their own uniforms and equipment, although they were expected to abide by various regimental and general regulations. On 1 July 1899, the Royal Artillery was divided into three groups: the Royal Horse Artillery of 21 batteries and the Royal Field Artillery of 95 batteries comprised one group, while the coastal defence, mountain, siege and heavy batteries were split off into another group named the Royal Garrison Artillery of 91 companies. Image credit: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons. 1 Impressive British 19th Century Military Oil Painting Portrait Of A Red Coat Army Uniform Soldier In Red Tunic Uniform. In 1845, the army of Sir Hugh Gough lost so many officers during the Battle of Ferozeshah that Gough granted immediate commissions to five Warrant Officers, under his authority as Commander in Chief in India. The Reforms were not radical; they had been brewing for years and Gladstone seized the moment to enact them. All Indian personnel were subordinate to even the most junior British officers, although junior British officers were required to become proficient in Urdu, or whatever other Indian language was in use in their units, before they could be eligible for promotion. Further disputes with China after the Treaty of Nanking led to the Second Opium War, which began even as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 was being suppressed. A white cotton dress for summer months when the weather would be hot and a dark green blackish uniforms. Guards Regiments usually consisted of three battalions, the 25 most senior line infantry regiments consisted of two battalions and the other line regiments had one battalion only. There were major uprisings towards the end of the nineteenth century in Malakand and Tirah. Gunners wore blue uniforms. Historians of the British army have generally praised the Cardwell reforms as an essential steps to full modernization. The British soldier's jargon illustrated that almost all soldiers would serve in India or Africa at some time during their enlistments. Units deployed to such duty often became demoralised through being quartered in public houses where drink was freely available,[22] while the prestige of the army suffered. Wolseley was instrumental in appointing a circle of officers, the Wolseley ring, or "Africans", to positions of influence. RM PDHY27 - Uniforms of the British Navy in the 19th century. Also offered is an selection of reproduction products spanning the time period 1815 to 1914. . This was rescinded in 1840 and, apart from the 16th Lancers, also known as the "Scarlet Lancers," the light cavalry reverted to blue uniforms.[13]. 1821 to 1829 shako. These improvements and advances in medicine reduced the number of soldiers who died or were discharged as a result of disease while on ordinary service, although diseases still caused many casualties on campaign. Changes such as outlawing Sati (the ritual burning of widows) and child marriage, were accompanied by prohibitions on Indian religious customs, and were seen as steps towards a forced conversion to Christianity. As colonies form parts of the British nation-state, and defence is not a role delegated to local governments, the national government (ie., the British Government) maintained (and maintains) control over local forces. (These rationalisations almost halved the War Office's correspondence.)[55]. But, after taking . Infantry units serving in some parts of the world (such as South Africa) formed their own detachments of mounted infantry from the late 1880s[59] or relied on locally recruited irregular mounted units. This was frustrated by shortcomings in the cavalry. [77] In 1902 a slightly darker shade of khaki serge was selected as the colour for Home Service Dress. In 1868, a Liberal government took office, headed by William Ewart Gladstone and committed to wide-ranging social reforms. $30.00 shipping . The Second Anglo-Burmese War, launched in 1852 with little pretext, further truncated Burma. British army, in the United Kingdom, the military force charged with national defense and the fulfillment of international mutual defense commitments. The result was the death of many soldiers through disease (exacerbated by dietary deficiencies) and exposure during the winter of 18541855.[31]. [88] Later in the war, the dispersal of many of the Boers into small guerrilla bands made artillery units redundant, and several units of Royal Artillery Mounted Rifles were formed from among the RA. NOTE - THIS ITEM IS MADE TO ORDER AND WILL BE A MINIMUM OF 6 t0 8WEEKSfabric -darkBLUEmelton woolcorded olivetshigh standblack collar black embroidered tracing braid cuffsblackbraid Swissknot piping oncuff black tassles down fro.. When the Britiish army went to France in WW1 the Green Howards cap badge got the nickname of the Eiffel . . e. The British Army during the Victorian era served through a period of great technological and social change. Free shipping for many products! 2nd Boer War Bushveldt Carbineers Uniform - Breaker Morant uniform 1 2nd Gurkha Rifles mess dress tunic 1 1789 Royal Navy Frock coat - Captain Bligh 1 1789 Royal Navy Tropical Frock coat 1 1808 19th Regiment Portuguese - Peninsula War 1 1855 circa 45th Regiment of foot Sherwood Foresters tunic 1 1873 Natal Buffalo Border guard patrol jacket 2 1879 Natal Carbineers Buglers patrol jacket 1 1879 . The long-term effect of this was to produce regiments with many experienced or veteran soldiers, but no trained reserves that could reinforce the regular army. This in part resulted from the adoption of steamships to replace sailing ships and later the construction of the Suez Canal, which made the movement of troops between Britain and India a matter of a few weeks rather than several months. $17.10 shipping. In 1900, British and Indian troops took part in the fighting against the Boxer Rebellion. [29] This triggered the First Anglo-Afghan War, in which the expedition successfully captured Kabul. The outnumbered British forces in Natal and Cape Colony were quickly surrounded and besieged, but it was generally expected that a quickly mobilised Army Corps under General Redvers Buller, GOCinC of Aldershot Command and one of Wolseley's most famous protgs, would soon overcome the Boers. Afterwards, such possibilities of gaining commissions became increasingly rare. The British demanded that they also have a mission in Kabul, and when this was refused, British armies invaded the country, precipitating the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The soldiers they bought joined the West India Regiment and played an integral role in defending British territories in the Caribbean. The purchase system also generated snobbery on the part of wealthy infantry and cavalry officers towards the more studious artillery and engineer officers, who learned their "trade" at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and whose promotion depended rigidly on seniority. If the head is down, it is post Victoria, because the tiger was depicted with its' head down in mourning for Queen Victoria. The recruit was then medically examined (as much to detect the scars from flogging, to prevent deserters or discharged soldiers re-enlisting for the enlistment bounty as to detect other weaknesses or illness), and then formally took the oath of allegiance before a magistrate. His book, British Empire Uniforms 1919 to 1939, co-authored with Michael Skriletz, was published on 15 July 2019 by Amberley Publishing. These were suppressed without difficulty. Long term over-indulgence in drink also affected the health of many soldiers,[5] though this was rarely admitted in official records. Once the Indian Rebellion had been crushed, the only armed opposition to British rule in India came from the Pakhtun inhabitants of the North West Frontier Province adjacent to Afghanistan. NOTE - THIS ITEM IS MADE TO ORDER AND WILL BE A MINIMUM OF8 WEEKSRoyal Navy Tropical frock coat fabric - melton woolopen lapels and collarbutton double breasted3button cuff fully lined.. SALE! Quick View. Within the British Isles, local forces were controlled by the Lords-Lieutenant of counties, appointed by the Crown. Britain was able to mobilise unprecedented numbers of troops including reserves and volunteers to fight in South Africa, and to transport and maintain them there thanks to Britain's industrial resources, the Royal Navy and Britain's merchant fleet. This was so practical that it subsequently became part of the uniform of officers in almost all the world's armies. Most infantry wore scarlet coatees or tailless jackets, with greatcoats for cold weather. The Mini rifled musket was introduced in 1851 for all infantry regiments, soon superseded by the Enfield Rifle (although at the start of the war some units still had the old Brown Bess musket). Royal Invalid Corps Chelsea Pensioneers Scarlet Coat. Although some distinguished soldiers, such as Henry Brackenbury and George Henderson, held the post of Director of Intelligence, they were distracted by questions of organisation and tactical doctrine, in which fields they made their major contributions.[72]. On campaign in India, the low-crowned "Kilmarnock" forage cap was often worn, sometimes with a white cloth cover that shaded the neck and the back of the head from the sun. From the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the mid-1850s, the Duke of Wellington and his successors attempted to maintain its organisation and tactics as they had been in 1815, with only minor changes. Soldiers enlisted either for life, or for a period of twenty-one years, which effectively was a lifelong enlistment. (There were however no cuirassier units equipped with armour, other than the Household Cavalry who wore highly polished armour on ceremonial duty in London only.) 19th Century. See more ideas about british army uniform, british army, army uniform. There were some bloody battles near the Red Sea port of Suakin. 1 (1980). Some impecunious officers who had served as subalterns at Waterloo were languishing in the same rank decades later, while wealthy officers such as the notorious Lord Cardigan could rapidly become the commanding officers of regiments, and subsequently become generals from their seniority as colonels. However, Cardwell also introduced a system of extra pay for soldiers who earned good-conduct badges after several years of service. Books, Military Manuals, Preparation, Equipment & Tools Back to the 1800s for . Hartwell, Nicole M. "A repository of virtue? Buy, sell or trade. From 1871, there were compulsory education classes for new recruits, though this was discontinued in 1888 as most recruits had received at least rudimentary education to the age of thirteen. At the peak of the British Empire, the middle and upper classes were often militaristic, usually seeking to join the armed forces to increase their social standing, especially the Yeomanry regiments (volunteer cavalry, who had been in existence since the Napoleonic Wars). In the British Army, the distinction between light cavalry (Light Dragoons, Hussars and Lancers) for reconnaissance and heavy cavalry (Household Cavalry, Dragoon Guards and Dragoons) for shock effect on the battlefield was blurred, chiefly because both branches used the same type of mount, which was better suited for the charge than prolonged hard service. The new Secretary of State for War was Edward Cardwell. Edward Spiers, The late Victorian Army 1868-1914 in David Chandler, ed. Bibliography, pp 37595. Womens . Theodore Hoppen says these reforms were: at best partial, at worst ineffective.No planning department was established and no chief of staff appointed to set out the purpose and strategy of the army as a whole because politicians, Civil Servants, and soldiers all proved reluctant to take seriously the idea that Britain could ever again be involved in a large scale European war. The highest rank an Indian soldier could aspire to was Subadar-Major (Rissaldar-Major in regular cavalry units), effectively a senior subaltern rank. 76.00. Later, bamboo lances were used; these were apparently unique to the British and Indian armies. In the field, the company's British officers generally permitted themselves more suitable dress than the over-decorated and less convenient uniforms of Queen's officers. View All British Womens Uniforms. Her long reign was marked by the steady expansion and consolidation of the British Empire, rapid industrialisation and the enactment of liberal reforms by both Liberal and . Sutlery and civil war articles also represented. When the war broke out, there were nominally 70,000 soldiers stationed in Britain, but this included units at sea proceeding to or from overseas postings, some recruits not yet trained, and large numbers of soldiers too infirm to serve in the field. Replacing them with native soldiers of questionable loyalty to Britain could potentially lead to rebellions. Volunteering for the South African War, 1899-1902. Rifle, light and fusilier regiments that historically lacked grenadier and light companies had a slightly different establishment. A little further browsing, and associating the Artillery info from the Australian War Memorial site has lead to a couple of hits concerning the headgear. Known for Quality Historical Men's Military Uniforms and Civilian Clothing Reproductions- Since 1975 . This created a force of 69 Line Infantry regiments (48 English, 10 Scottish, 8 Irish and 3 Welsh) each of two battalions. In Burma in 1886, disputes over the treaties signed earlier in the century between Britain and Burma led to the Third Anglo-Burmese War, after which the entire country was finally annexed to Britain. The Militia of Bermuda, the Channel Islands, Gibraltar and Malta were numbered collectively in the British Army order of precedence (of the six colonial units existing in 2021, only the Royal Gibraltar Regiment and the Royal Bermuda Regiment are considered parts of the British Army, with the remainder being British military units auxiliary to the British Army; a handful of other such forces remain in the United Kingdom-proper, such as the Yeomen of the Guard, the Army Cadet Force, and the Combined Cadet Force). On campaign the white Foreign Service helmet was often stained with tea or other improvised dyestuffs in order to be less conspicuous. replica military US Army WW1 AEF Uniform Victorian and British Zulu War and Boer War Uniform and Accessories WW1 Australian Army Uniform WW1 British Army Uniform and Equipment . The British Army universally adopted khaki-colored uniforms as the standard campaign dress. The result was the slaughter of an incompetently led British army as it tried to retreat from Kabul (the Massacre of Elphinstone's Army). Following a report by the Royal Commission into the Sanitary Condition of the Army, which sat from 1857 to 1861,[62] many new barracks were built, healthier and more spacious than previously. Including: Victorian, Edwardian, Mexican War, American Civil War (Confederate / CS / CSA and Union / US / USA), Indian Wars, Old West & Spanish-American (Span-Am) War. In Africa, Wolseley had lightweight grey woolen uniforms purpose-made for his expeditions in the Anglo-Ashanti wars. You have remained in right site to begin getting this info. The Royal Horse Artillery uniforms had braid and trimmings similar to those of light cavalry uniforms. K. Theodore Hoppen, the mid-Victorian generation 1846 1886 (1998) p. 171. The United Service Museum, collecting, and the professionalization of the British Armed Forces, 18291864. The Horse troops and Field batteries were equipped with 9-pounder and 12-pounder muzzle-loading smoothbore cannon respectively. [54] In 1862 the regiment absorbed the artillery of the former British East India Company (21 horse batteries and 48 field batteries) which brought its strength up to 29 horse batteries, 73 field batteries and 88 heavy batteries.[54]. By the start of Victoria's reign, there was little opposition to British rule in Madras and Bombay, and the Bengal Army was consequently the largest and most often employed. [11], During the Napoleonic Wars, a combination of large-scale expansion of the army and intensive campaigning resulting in heavy casualties had resulted in many officers being commissioned from the ranks or from middle-class backgrounds. The establishments of battalions serving overseas was enlarged to allow for losses to disease or on campaign that could not be quickly replaced from the depot in Britain. It was believed that the cartridges for this weapon were greased with a mixture of beef and pork fat, and to bite the cartridge to load the weapon would cause a Hindu soldier to lose caste and a Moslem to be defiled. Free shipping for many products! One battalion would serve overseas while the other was stationed in Britain. In addition to these reforms brought in by legislation, there were other administrative reforms introduced by Order in Council. ad vertisement by RusticMancaveDecor. The Esher Report resulted in several further reforms to the higher level organisation of the Army. They sure did love their gold braid!. Most of these were in a crenellated gothic style and many are still in use. The Duke of Wellington remained as Commander-in-Chief until 1852 (except when serving as Prime Minister). British 1907 pattern service dress, Australian Infantry 5 button tunic, USM -1912 Doughboy . In the aftermath of the Rebellion, control of India was transferred from the East India Company to the Crown. I received my parcel yesterday. Get the best deals on Original WW I British Uniforms when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. From Blenheim to Waterloo, f. These had the same range as contemporary breech-loading weapons, but had a much slower rate of fire. The Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers therefore came under the War Office. Although the Indian units of the Indian Army bore the brunt of campaigns on the frontier, British units formed part of most Indian Army formations. RM KWD98F - 'Blowing from a Gun' the Execution of 40 Sepoy Mutineers in Ludhiana, June 10, 1857. This also forced Britain to intervene in Egypt's nominal dependency, the Sudan. Or size label 28. The army of England before the Norman Conquest consisted of the king's household troops (housecarls) and all freemen able to bear arms, who served under the fyrd system for two months a year. In fact, the Boers maintained a guerilla fight for over a year. The British personnel of the Indian Army were restricted to officers. Mar 11, 2019 - Illustrations of the various uniforms worn by the British military in the Victorian era. Our forte is the 19th Century (1800s) United States History covering the period 1820-1920. Victorian British army red mess dress uniform jacket Empire Raj Colonial Boer. Several years later, having rebuilt an Egyptian army (including British and many Sudanese troops) and constructed railways and fleets of Nile steamboats to secure the lines of communication across the desert, the British again advanced into the Sudan under General Kitchener. Members of the color guard are wearing 19th century uniforms. replica 1901 british army general's full dress tunic $ 895.00. add . Her long reign was marked by the steady expansion and consolidation of the British Empire, rapid industrialisation and the enactment of liberal reforms by both Liberal and Conservative governments within Britain. The war began in 1899 after tension between the British and the two Dutch Boer republics culminated in the Boers declaring war. [2] Re-enlistment was also encouraged by a bounty of several guineas. British 1887 - 1912 Officer's Sword. After a period of Conservative government from 1874 to 1880, during which Army reforms were halted (although much social reform was enacted), another Liberal administration enacted the Childers reforms, which came into effect on 1 July 1881. They were required to carry swords that conformed to various official patterns. None of them saw any need for major reform of the existing administrative systems, dress or tactics. In Irregular cavalry and infantry units, which were locally recruited from distinct communities or absorbed from the armies of annexed "princely" states, there were usually only seven British officers and Indian personnel had more influence. Troops trained in the field for only two months each year; the rest of the time was spent in ceremonial or routine barrack duties. Jun 19, 2019 - Explore Steve Fortier's board "victorian british uniforms" on Pinterest. This means we are in the position to recreate any mens costume . Cavalry (usually referred to generically as "Dragoons") were suited to suppressing widely scattered disturbances by agricultural labourers in the countryside and became especially hated. [56] It was replaced by Field Punishment Number One. When Russia seized some Afghan territory in the Panjdeh Incident there was renewed fear and war fever, but the incident was settled by diplomacy, and Afghanistan's territorial integrity was guaranteed. They maintained their separate identity and traditions (and the two English rifle regiments still had four regular battalions), but were also assigned fixed recruiting areas and depots. The Crimean War was the first general war in Europe since the final defeat of Napoleon I in 1815. The same tactics applied in South Africa resulted only in needless casualties. - Redcoat uniforms of the British Army between 1751 & 1914. View All Women's Military Uniforms. However, there was official and practical discouragement of soldiers (and officers) who wished to marry while young. A must for living history and reenactment groups. As sovereign head of all the armed forces, Elizabeth's close bond with the country's military famously began in 1945, when she became the first female royal to join the Auxiliary Territorial . Gilt Military uniform button. (PhD thesis, Plymouth U. $295.00 $150.00. However, Britain's strategic interests generally lay in the extreme north and south of the continent. For campaign purposes, British troops have often been portrayed in films as toiling in hot climates in heavy scarlet serge uniforms, and this was certainly the case in the Anglo-Zulu War and the Anglo-Egyptian War (1882) for example. This minimum period of regular service varied over time and with arms of service, from as little as four years in the infantry, to as much as eight in the cavalry and artillery. For one museum we reproduced two uniforms for the 34th Regiment of Foot complete with the regiment's unique lace (in the . In February 1857, the 19th Bengal Native Infantry refused to use the new cartridges and the regiment was quickly disbanded. British Army 1660-1871 (1980) which is a compressed version of his history of the purchase system, 'The system of purchase and sale of officers' commissions in the British army', Manchester University, unpublished PhD . Stoppages for damages to barracks or to a soldier's equipment remained, and were resented as this might result from ordinary wear and tear on campaign or exercise. White duck trousers were worn in summer until 1845. 1859 13TH LANCASHIRE VOLUNTEER RIFLES REGIMENT OFFICER'S BUTTON. Most infantry regiments had a third militia battalion, which would be filled with recalled reservists in an emergency, and a fourth volunteer battalion (or more), although the volunteer battalions often retained their original titles. There were three main periods of the Army's development during the era. ", Seligmann, Matthew S. "Failing to Prepare for the Great War? No artillery officer was appointed to general command of a field army until 1842, when Sir George Pollock led the army that relieved Jellalabad. Great deals on reenactment gear for British Victorian Wars. These uniforms had originally been designed and issued in 1902 to replace the traditional red uniform and remained unchanged by 1914. In 1855, the infantry's tight-fitting and impractical coatee with its vestigial tails was replaced by a loosely cut single-breasted tunic of French inspiration. In 1832, the regimental mottoes of Ubique ("Everywhere") and Quo fas et gloria ducunt ("Where right and glory lead") had been granted by William IV to both the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, reflecting their shared heritage. Today. By the . Which branch a gunner belonged to was indicated by metal shoulder titles (R.A., R.F.A., R.H.A., or R.G.A.). Military Style Tailcoat Uniform, Unknown Origin, Likely Late 1800s-Early 1900s . However, many shortcomings in administration, training, tactics and intelligence were revealed. These and other "khakee" uniforms of grey serge or sand coloured cotton drill were worn by troops during the Mahdist War of 1884-85. During the second Boer War, a fourth regiment of guards (the Irish Guards) had been formed, at the instigation of Lord Roberts. The lessons the Army had learned during the Boer War were addressed at several levels. get the An Illustrated Encyclopaedia Of Military Uniforms Of The 19th Century A Stunning Expert Guide To The Uniforms Of The Crimean War The War Of German The Company maintained its own institution for training its British officers at the Addiscombe Military Seminary. The reserve military units of the Imperial fortresses (Halifax, NS until Canadian confederation, Bermuda, Gibraltar, and Malta) were generally raised under legislation of local governments but funded by the War Office and considered parts of the British Army, and hence appeared in the Army List. The minimum length of actual service required varied according to branch; six years for infantry, eight years for line cavalry and artillery, twelve years for the Household Cavalry, three years for the Army Service Corps. It was listed on our site previously but has been sold and is no longer available for purchase. Classic British Army uniform from the Victorian period.includesforeign service helmettunic - red melton wool, fully lined, white cuffs and collarstrousers - lined, high backed, red piping down each side rifle, boots and gaiters not included .. 279.00. During the Civil War the Parliamentary New Model Army adopted a fairly standardised . Cardwell introduced the Army Enlistment Act (1870), which reduced the normal period of service from 21 years to 12 years. In 1862, the volunteers could muster 134,000 riflemen in 200 battalions, 24,000 artillery gunners, 2,900 engineers and a small contingent of mounted troops. It was designed for both cutting and thrusting, but the compromise design was not very successful during the Crimean War. Khaki (an Urdu word meaning "dust") was first adopted in the late 1840s by Indian irregular units on the North-West Frontier. The RFA and RHA also dressed as mounted men, whereas the RGA dressed like foot soldiers. In 1879, following a demand for the Zulu armies to disband, the Anglo-Zulu War began. The 1821 Pattern swords were in use, those for the heavy cavalry regiments being straighter and longer than those for the light cavalry. [74] The Stanhope Memorandum of 1891 (drawn up by Edward Stanhope when Secretary of State for War) laid down the policy that after providing for garrisons and India, the army should be able to mobilise three army corps for home defence, two of regular troops and one partly of militia, each of three divisions. Queen Victoria died in 1901, a few months before the end of the Boer War. The last potential Anglo-French colonial dispute was resolved shortly afterwards in the Fashoda Incident, when a French expedition withdrew from southern Sudan and France acknowledged Britain's possession. Breech-loading guns were reintroduced in 1883, starting with the Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7 cwt, but it took almost a decade before they were generally issued. The army was rebuilt with many raw recruits and young, inexperienced officers. A political crisis in Egypt, the Urabi Revolt, led Britain to intervene in 1882. This saw a surge in interest in the more affluent communities in creating volunteer units, known as Volunteer Rifle Corps. The four regiments of Lancers had been introduced in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, in emulation of the French and other continental armies. Please can anyone confirm whether the photo shows a uniform of a Corporal in the R.H.A. After the defeat of Napoleon I in 1815, Europe was at peace for almost forty years, and the need to plan for war against continental enemies lapsed. Highland units wore a doublet instead of a tunic. 13th London Regiment (Princess Louise's Kensington) 16.5mm - Officers with King's Crown. Buller's command was "about the equivalent of the First Army Corps of the existing mobilization scheme. The Organisation of the British Army. A British relief expedition by camel across the deserts of northern Sudan arrived two days too late. [28] The artillery was generally lighter than the equivalent British Army equipment (6-pounder instead of 9-pounder horse artillery, for example) to allow for the harsher climate and generally more difficult terrain. ALL our replica civilian wear, uniforms and clothing is hand-made by us in England! Although the armies of all the nations involved suffered defeats and losses as a result of lack of preparation and incompetent leadership, the shortcomings revealed in the British Army caused greater public concern. Original British King's Royal Rifle Corps Scottish Doublet - Dated 1913. Victorian and British Zulu War and Boer War Uniform and Accessories. RARE 1800'S HUSSAR- Victorian military uniform wool COAT jacket tunic, Replica jacket, military antique jacket, replica jacket British hussa .
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